Graphene Revolution - Interview on BBC World News
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Graphene is one of the crystalline forms of carbon, alongside diamond, graphite, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. In this material, carbon atoms are arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern. Graphene can be described as a one-atom thick layer of the layered mineral graphite. High quality graphene is very strong, light, nearly transparent, an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. Its interaction with other materials and with light, and its inherently two-dimensional nature, produce unique properties.
At the time of its isolation, many researchers studying carbon nanotubes were already well familiar with the composition, structure and properties of graphene which had been calculated decades earlier. The combination of familiarity, extraordinary properties and surprising ease of isolation enabled an explosion in graphene research. The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov at the University of Manchester "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene".
石墨烯（Graphene）是一種由碳原子以sp2杂化轨道組成六角型呈蜂巢晶格的平面薄膜，只有一個碳原子厚度的二維材料。石墨烯一直被認為是假設性的結構，無法單獨穩定存在，直至2004年，英国曼彻斯特大学物理學家安德烈·海姆和康斯坦丁·諾沃肖洛夫，成功地在實驗中從石墨中分離出石墨烯，而證實它可以單獨存在，兩人也因「在二维石墨烯材料的開創性實驗」為由，共同獲得2010年诺贝尔物理学奖。
石墨烯目前是世上最薄卻也是最堅硬的奈米材料，它幾乎是完全透明的，只吸收2.3%的光"；導熱系數高達5300 W/m·K，高於碳纳米管和金刚石，常溫下其電子遷移率超過15000 cm2/V·s，又比奈米碳管或矽晶體（monocrystalline silicon）高，而電阻率只約10-6 Ω·cm，比銅或銀更低，為目前世上電阻率最小的材料。因為它的電阻率極低，電子跑的速度極快，因此被期待可用來發展出更薄、導電速度更快的新一代電子元件或電晶體。由於石墨烯實質上是一種透明、良好的導體，也適合用來製造透明觸控螢幕、光板、甚至是太陽能電池。
Source: Wikipedia
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